Select the disk which you wish to make the default boot disk, press and hold the Option key and click Always Use underneath it. This takes you to the Startup Options screen.
Press and hold the Power button until the display shows Loading Startup Options, then release it. Set default startup volume, use this when you want to start up in a different copy of macOS, or before starting up in its Recovery mode
Select the disk which you wish to boot from in Safe Mode, then press and hold the Shift key and click Continue in Safe Mode underneath it. Safe Mode, to disable third-party extensions, flush caches, etc., for troubleshooting and solving update/install problems Follow the instructions from there to perform diagnostic testing. Once the Startup Options screen appears, press and hold the Command and D keys until your Mac restarts and the Diagnostics Loader menu appears in the main menu bar. This is invaluable if regular Recovery Mode is unavailable for any reason, but only becomes available after a Mac has had a macOS update, as it’s created from Recovery from the previously installed macOS. You will then see the same as you would in Recovery mode, except that Startup Security Utility is non-functional. Press the Power button twice in rapid succession, and on the second of those presses hold the button until the display shows Loading Startup Options, then release it.
Recovery mode, to check startup disk, reinstall macOS, restore from a backup, change security settings This reference guide explains how to navigate features in Recovery, and solve problems on M1 and M2 Macs running macOS up to and including Ventura. Apple silicon Macs have changed much of Recovery mode, and have done away with the many key combinations used by Intel Macs to start up in different modes.
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